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YOU cannot get the whole feeling of a country unless you have lived in it for some time. Yet the people who live there, who spend their days and years and die there, seldom, it seems, have a feeling for the whole of their own country. People in this vast country with so many languages, generally are very secular and provincial. The different class divisions which at one time bound them together through religion, chants and stories, are rapidly going; this unity, this feeling of sacredness of life, of things that are beyond thought is disappearing. When you came year after year and spent several months here, you would notice the general decline; you would see in every big town the enormous increase in population; and walking down any street you would see people sleeping on the pavement, the terrible poverty, the dirt. Around a corner you would see a temple or a mosque full of people and beyond the town the factories, the fields and the hills.

除非你在那里生活一段时间，否则你得不到一个国家的整体感觉。 然而，住在那里的人们，在那里度过他们的日子和年月，并死在那儿， 很少，似乎很少有人对这他们自己的国家产生这种完整的感情。 在这个幅员辽阔的国家里，拥有这么多语言，通常，人们非常的世俗和偏狭。 这种不同阶级划分，曾通过宗教、圣歌和故事将他们联系在一起，这种联系正在迅速消失； 这种统一，这种生命的神圣感，以及超乎想象的事物的感觉，正在消失。 当你年复一年来到这里，并在这里度过几个月，你会注意到这种普遍的下降； 你会在每个大城市看到人口的巨大增长； 走在任何一条街上，你都会看到人们睡在人行道上，可怕的贫困，泥土。 在转角处，你会看到一座寺庙或清真寺挤满了人， 乡镇的郊野有工厂、田地和山丘。

It is really a very beautiful country with its high snow covered mountains, its vast blue valleys, the rivers, the deserts, the rich red soil of the earth, palm trees, forests and the disappearing wild animals. The people are concerned with politics - one group against another group - the encroaching poverty, the squalor, the filth, but very few talk about the beauty of the land. And it is very beautiful in its variety, in the innumerable colours, in the vast expanse of the sky. You can get the whole feeling of the country with its ancient traditions, the mosques and the temples, the bright sunlight, the parrots and the monkeys, the thousands of villagers struggling with poverty and starvation, with lack of water until the rains come.

它真的是一个非常美丽的国家，有高高的积雪覆盖的山脉， 广阔的蓝色山谷，河流，沙漠， 地球上肥沃的红色土壤，棕榈树，森林和正在灭绝的野生动物。 人们关心政治 —— 一个群体反对另一个群体 —— 日益严重的贫困、肮脏、邋遢，但很少谈论这片土地的美丽。 它的种类繁多，颜色无数，在广阔的天空中非常美丽。 您可以感受整个国家的古老传统、 清真寺和寺庙、灿烂的阳光、鹦鹉和猴子、 成千上万在贫困和饥饿中挣扎、缺水直到下雨的村民们。

When you go up into the hills the air is cool and fresh, there is green grass. You seem to be in a different world and can see many hundred miles of snowcovered mountains. It is startlingly magnificent and as you come down a narrow path poverty is there and misery; in a little shed there is a monk talking to his disciples. There is a feeling of great aloofness from all this. You meet people with brains that have been cultivated through many generations in religious thought and who have a peculiar capacity - at least verbally - to grasp the otherness of life. They will discuss sharply with you, quoting, comparing, remembering what has been said in their sacred books. It is all on the tip of their tongue, words piled upon words and the rich waters of the river pass by. You get the whole feeling of this extraordinary beauty, the vast mountains, hills, forests and rivers of the immense population, the varieties of conflict, the intense sorrow and the music. They all love music. They will sit listening by the hour in the villages, in the towns, absorbed in it, keeping time with their hands, with their heads, with their bodies. And the music is lovely.

当你上山时，空气凉爽清新，绿草如茵。 你仿佛置身于另一个世界，可以看到数百英里的雪山。 它是惊人的壮丽，当你走在一条狭窄的小路上时，贫穷和痛苦就在那里； 在一个小棚子里，有一个和尚正在对他的弟子们讲话。 这里的一切，有一种超然的感觉。 你遇到一些人，他们的大脑 在宗教思想中受到了几代人的培养，并且拥有特殊的能力 —— 至少在口头上 —— 能够把握生命的差异性。 他们会和你尖锐地讨论，引用、比较、回忆他们圣书中所说的话。 一切尽在他们的舌尖，一言一语，江水滔滔。 你感受到这非凡的美丽， 广阔的山脉，丘陵，生灵众多的森林和河流， 各种冲突，强烈的悲伤和音乐。他们都喜欢音乐。 在村庄、在城镇中，他们都会坐下来，长时间地听， 沉溺于其中，用手、脑袋和身体敲打着节拍。 音乐是很可爱的。

There is tremendous violence, increasing hate, and a crowd around the temple on the hill. Millions make a pilgrimage to the river, the most sacred of all rivers, and come away happy and weary. This is their form of enjoyment in the name of religion. There are sannyasis, monks, everywhere. Serious ones and those who have taken to the cloth as the easiest way of living. There is endless ugliness and there is the great beauty of a tree and of a face. A beggar is singing in the street, telling of ancient Gods, myths and the beauty of goodness. The workers on the buildings listen to it and give of their little to the man who sings. It is an incredible land with its incredible sorrow. You feel all this deep down in yourself with tears.

这里有巨大的暴力，越来越多的仇恨，以及山上寺庙周围的人群。 数以百万计的人到这条河中朝圣，这条河是所有河流中最神圣的，然后快乐而疲惫地离开。 这是他们以宗教的名义举办的一种享受仪式。到处都有桑雅士、比丘。 严肃的人和那些把布作为最简单的生活方式的人。 这里有无尽的丑陋，也有来自于一棵树、一张脸的巨大的美。 一个乞丐在街上唱歌，诉说着古老的神明、神话和善良之美。 建筑物上的工人听它，并将他们的一丁点奉献给唱歌的人。 它是一片令人难以置信的土地，有着令人难以置信的悲伤。 你泪流满面地感受着这一切。

The politician with his ambitions, everlastingly talking about the people and their welfare, the various petty leaders with their flocks, the division of language, the intense arrogance, the selfishness, the pride of race and ancient forebears, it is all there; and the strangest thing is children laughing. They seem to be so utterly ignorant of all this. They are poor and their laughter is greater than that of the rich and stuffy. Everything you can think of is in this land - deception, hypocrisy, cleverness, technology, erudition. A little boy in rags is learning to play the flute and a single palm tree grows in the field.

野心勃勃的政客们， 口口声声谈论着人民和他们的福祉， 各种小官员带领着他们的“羊群”，这种语言上的划分、这种强烈的傲慢、 这种自私、对种族和祖先的骄傲，都展现得淋漓尽致； 最奇怪的是孩子们在欢笑。 他们似乎对这一切一无所知。 他们是穷人，他们的笑声比富人和老古董的声音还大。 你能想到的一切都在这片土地上 —— 欺骗、虚伪、聪明、技术、博学。 一个衣衫褴褛的小男孩正在学习吹笛子，地里长着一棵棕榈树。

In a valley that is far from towns and noise, where the hills are the oldest in the world, a parent had come to talk of his children. Probably he never looked at those hills; they seemed almost to be carefully carved by hand, huge boulders balancing on each other. The sky that morning was very blue and there were several monkeys running up and down in the tree outside the veranda. We were sitting on the floor on a red carpet and he said, "I have several children and my troubles have begun. I don't know what to do with them. I have to marry off the girls and it is going to be very difficult to educate the boys, and" - he added as an after-thought - "the girls. If I do not educate them they will live in poverty, without a future. My wife and I are very disturbed about all this. As you can see, Sir, I have been well educated; I have a university degree and a good job. Some of my children are very intelligent and bright. In a primitive society they would do very well, but today you need to be highly educated in some special field in order to live a fairly decent life.

在远离城镇和喧嚣的一个山谷中，那里的山丘是世界上最古老的山丘， 一位父亲来了，谈论他的孩子。也许他从来没有看过那些山丘； 它们仿佛是手工精心雕琢而成，巨大的巨石相互平衡。 那天早上，天空很蓝， 阳台外的树上，有几只猴子在跑来跑去。 我们坐在地板的红地毯上，他说： “我有几个孩子，我的麻烦已经开始了。我不知道该怎么处理他们。 我必须使女孩们结婚，这将是非常困难的。很难教育男孩子，” —— 他想了一会儿后，补充道 —— “女孩们。 如果我不教育她们，她们将生活在贫困中，没有未来。 我和妻子对这一切感到非常不安。你能看到，先生，我受过良好的教育； 我有大学学位和一份好工作。我的一些孩子非常有智力和聪明。 在原来的社会，他们会做得很好， 但今天你需要在某些特殊领域，接受高等教育，才能过上体面的生活。

I think I love them and I want them to live a life that is happy and industrious. I don't know what that word love means but I have a feeling for them. I want them to be cared for, well educated, but I know that once they go to school the other children and the teachers will destroy them. The teacher is not interested in teaching them. He has his worries, his ambitions, his family quarrels and miseries. He will repeat something he has learned from a book and the children will become as dull as he is. There is this battle between the teacher and the student, resistance on the part of the children, punishment and reward and the fear of examinations. All this will inevitably cripple the minds of the children and yet they have to go through this mill to get a degree and a job. So what am I to do? I have often lain awake thinking of all this. I see year after year how children are destroyed. Haven't you noticed, Sir, that something happens to them after they reach the age of puberty? Their faces change; they seem to have lost something. I have often wondered why this coarseness, this narrowing of the mind should take place in the adolescent. Is it not part of education to keep alive this quality of gentleness? - I do not know how to put it. They all seem suddenly to become violent and aggressive, with a stupid feeling of independence. They are not really independent at all."

我想我爱他们，我希望他们过上快乐而勤奋的生活。 我不知道‘爱’这个词是什么意思，但我对他们有一种感觉。 我希望他们受到照顾，受过良好的教育， 但我知道一旦他们上学，其他的孩子们和老师们就会毁了他们。 老师没有兴趣教他们。 他有他的烦恼、他的野心、他的家庭争吵和苦难。 他会重复他从书中学到的东西，孩子们会变得和他一样迟钝。 这是老师和学生之间的战斗， 孩子们的抵抗、惩罚和奖励以及对考试的恐惧。 所有这一切都会不可避免地削弱孩子们的头脑， 但他们必须通过这种训练，才能获得学位和工作。 我该怎么办？想到这一切，我常常睡不着觉。 我年复一年地看着孩子们如何被摧毁。 先生，您有没有注意到，他们到了青春期后会发生的那些事情？ 他们的脸色变了；他们似乎失去了什么。 我时常想：为什么这种粗鲁、这种心胸狭窄的头脑，会发生在青少年身上？ 保持这种温柔的品质难道不是教育的一部分吗？—— 我不知道怎么说。 他们似乎都突然变得暴躁和咄咄逼人，带着一种愚蠢的独立感。 他们根本就不是真正独立的。”

"The teachers seem to disregard this totally. I see my eldest boy coming back from school, already changed, brutalized, the eye already hard. Again what am I to do? I think I love them, otherwise I wouldn't be talking this way about them. But I find I cannot do anything, the influence of the environment is too strong, the competition is growing, ruthlessness and efficiency have become the standards. So they will all become like the others; dull, the brightness gone from the eye and the happy smile never to appear again in the same way. So, as a parent among a million other parents, I have come to ask what I am to do. I see what effect society and culture have but I must send them to school. I can't educate them at home; I have not the time, nor has my wife and besides, they must have the companionship of other children. I talk to them at home but it is like a voice in the wilderness. You know, Sir, how terribly imitative we are and children are like that. They want to belong, they don't want to be left out and the political and religious leaders use this and exploit it. And in a month's time they are walking in parades, saluting the flag, demonstrating against this or that, throwing stones and shouting. They are gone, finished. When I see this in my children I am so depressed I often want to commit suicide. Can I do anything at all? They don't want my love. They want a circus, as I did when I was a boy, and the same pattern is repeated."

“老师们似乎完全忽视了这一切。 我看到我的大儿子从学校回来，已经变了样，变得残忍，眼神冷酷。 我该怎么做？我想我爱他们，否则我不会这样谈论他们。 但我发现自己什么都做不了，环境的影响太强烈， 竞争越来越激烈，无情和效率成了标准。 所以他们都变得和别人一样； 变得沉闷，明亮的眼睛消失了，幸福的微笑再也不会以同样的方式出现。 所以，作为百万父母中的一员，我来询问：我要做什么。 我看到了社会和文化的影响，但我必须把他们送到学校。 我不能在家教育他们；我没有时间，我的妻子也没有，此外， 他们必须有其他孩子们的陪伴。 我在家里和他们交谈，但就像对着旷野说话一般。 你知道，先生，我们的模仿能力是多么可怕，孩子们都是这样。 他们想要归属感，他们不想被排除在外， 政治和宗教领袖利用这一点并加以剥削。 在一个月的时间里， 他们走在游行队伍中，向国旗敬礼，反对这个或那个，扔石头和大喊大叫。 他们离开了，完了。 当我在我的孩子身上看到这些时，我非常沮丧，我经常想自杀。 我还能做什么事情？他们不要我的爱。 他们想要一个马戏团，就像我小时候做的那样，而且重复着同样的模式。”

We sat very silently. The mynah bird was singing and the ancient hills were full of the light of the sun.

我们坐着，非常地安静。 八哥鸟在歌唱，古老的山丘充满了阳光。

We cannot go back to the ancient system of a teacher with a few students living with him, being instructed by him and watching the way he lives. That is gone. Now we have this mechanical technology giving to the mind the sharpness of metal. The world is becoming industrialized and bringing with it its problems. Education neglects the rest of man's existence. It is like having a right arm highly developed, strong, vital, while the rest of the body withers, is weak and feeble. As a parent you may be an exception, but most parents want the industrial, mechanical process developed at the expense of the total human being. The majority seem to win.

我们不能回到这种古老的系统了： 一个老师教几个学生，和他一起生活，接受他的指导，观察他的生活方式。 那种系统没了。 现在，我们有这种机械化的技术，可以让头脑感受像金属般锋利。 社会正在工业化，并带来了它的问题。 教育忽视了人的其余部分。 它就像右臂高度的发达、强壮、充满活力， 而身体的其余部分则枯萎、虚弱。 作为父母，您可能是一个例外， 但大多数父母都希望，以牺牲全人类为代价来发展工业化和机械化。 这些大多数的人们似乎赢了。

Could not the intelligent minority of parents get together and start a school in which the whole of man is considered and cared for, in which the educator is not merely the informant, a machine which imparts a particular knowledge, but is concerned with the well-being of the whole? This means that the educator needs education. It means creating a place where the educator is being educated, and the help of a few parents who are deeply interested. Or is yours only a temporary, despairing cry? We don't seem to be able to apply ourselves to seeing the truth of something and carrying it out. I think, Sir, that is where the trouble lies. You probably feel very strongly for your children and how they should be. But being aware of what is happening in the world doesn't seem radically to affect you; you drift with society. You merely indulge in complaint and that leads nowhere. You are responsible not only for your own children but for all children and you have to gather up your strength together with others to create the new schools. It is up to you and not up to society or governments, for you are part of this society. If you really loved your children you would actually and definitely apply yourself to bring about not only a different kind of education but also a totally different kind of society and culture.

少数明白的家长难道不能聚在一起，开办一所学校吗? 在这所学校里，人的这种整体都被考虑和关切， 教育工作者不仅仅是提供信息的人，一个传授特定知识的机器， 也是关心整个人的身心健康。 这意味着教育者需要教育。 这意味着创造一个教育工作者接受教育的地方， 以及少数感兴趣的父母的帮助。 或者，你只是暂时的、绝望的哭泣？ 我们似乎没有能力去看到某个东西的真理并贯彻。 我想，先生，那就是问题所在。 您可能对您的孩子以及他们应该成为什么样的人有非常强烈的感受。 但觉察到这个世界正在发生的事情，似乎不会对你产生根本的影响； 你随波逐流。你只是一味地抱怨，那是不会有结果的。 你们不仅要对你自己的孩子们负责，还要对所有的孩子负责， 你们要团结起来，和其他人一起创建这种新的学校。 这取决于你们，而不是社会或政府，因为你们是这个社会的一部分。 如果你真的爱你的孩子， 你就会全身心地投入，不仅带来一种不同的教育， 还会带来一种完全不同的社会和文化。