2-3

In the early morning before the sun was up there was a haze over the river. You could dimly see the other bank. It was still rather dark and the trees were shadows against the light sky. The fishing boats were still there: they had been there all night with their little lanterns. Dark and almost motionless, they had been fishing all night and there was not a sound from them. Occasionally of an evening you would hear the fishermen singing but now in the early dawn they were very quiet, tired out and sleepy. The current was carrying them gently along and they would presently return with their catch to their little village on this side of the river further down. As you watched, the rising sun would light up a few clouds in the sky. They were golden and full of that strange beauty of a morning. The light was spreading, making everything visible; the sun lately rising over the trees caught the few parrots screeching their way to the fields that lay beyond the river. They flew noisily, swiftly - green and red beaked - and they would return in an hour or more to their little holes in the tamarind tree across the garden. As you watched they blended into the green leaves so that you could scarcely see them except for their bright red beaks.

清晨，太阳还没升起，河上笼罩着一层薄雾。 你可以模糊地看到另一边的河岸。 天还很黑，在天光下，这些树有阴影。 渔船还在那里：他们提着小灯笼整夜都在那里。 黑暗中，几乎一动不动，他们整夜都在钓鱼，没有任何声音。 偶尔，晚上你会听到渔民唱歌， 但在这黎明时分，他们非常的安静、疲惫和困倦。 水流轻轻地带着他们前行， 他们很快就会带着他们的收获，返回河对岸的小村庄。 正如你所看到的，冉冉升起的太阳会照亮天上的几朵云。 它们是金色的，充满了早晨的奇异之美。 光芒四射，一切都看见了； 刚从树上升起的太阳 撞到了尖叫着飞向对岸田野的几只鹦鹉。 它们喧闹地飞着 —— 有绿色和红色的喙 —— 在一个小时或更长时间后，它们会回到花园对面罗望子树上的小洞里。 当你看着它们融入绿叶中时， 除了它们鲜红的喙外，你几乎看不到它们。

The sun was making a golden path over the water and a train rattled by across the bridge with a hideous noise; but it was the water that held the beauty of the morning. There was a wide expanse between this and the other bank, probably over a mile. The other bank had been cultivated for the winter wheat and it was now fresh and green and shimmering in the light breeze of the morning. As you watched the golden path became silver, bright and clear, and you could watch this light on the river for a long time. It was this light that penetrated the trees, the fields and into the heart of any man who looked at it.

太阳把水面上染成了一条金色的路径， 一列火车驶过桥上，嘎嘎作响，发出难听的噪音； 河水却维持着早晨的美丽。 河面很宽阔，大概有一英里多。 种植在河对岸的冬小麦 那么的清新、绿油油的，在清晨的微风中闪闪发光。 看着金色的路径变成银色，明亮而清澈，你可以长久地观看河上的光。 正是这道光穿透了树木、田野， 进入了任何看它的人​​的心灵。

Now the day had begun with all its accustomed noises but it was still the river that was so splendid, so full, so widely sweeping. It was the most sacred river in the world, sacred for many thousands of years. People came from all parts of that country to bathe in it, to wash away their sins, to meditate upon its banks still in their damp clothes, eyes shut and motionless. Now in the winter the river was low, but still very deep in the centre where the current was fairly strong. With the monsoon and the coming of the rains it would rise thirty, forty, sixty feet, sweeping everything before it, washing away the human filth, bringing down with it dead animals and trees until again it would be fresh, lovely and wide.

现在，这一天已经开始了，带着熟悉的噪音， 但这条河仍然如初，辉煌，丰满，磅礴奔流。 它是世界上最神圣的河流，几千年来都是神圣的。 人们从那个国家的各个地方来到这里沐浴， 洗去他们的罪孽，仍然穿着湿漉漉的衣服，闭着眼睛，一动不动地在河岸上冥想。 现在是冬天，河水很浅，但河心处水流强劲，仍然很深。 随着季风和降雨的到来，它会上升三十、四十、六十英尺， 扫除它面前的一切，冲刷人类的污秽， 带走死去的动物和树木，直到它再次变得清新、可爱和广阔。

That morning there was something about it that was new, and as you sat and looked at it, the newness was not in the trees or in the fields or in those still waters. It was somewhere else. You looked at it with a new mind, with a new heart, with eyes that had no memory of yesterday and the squalor of man's activities. It was a splendid morning, cool, fresh, and there was a song in the air. There were beggars passing by and women in their dirty, ragged clothes carrying fuel to the town a mile or two away. There was poverty everywhere and utter callousness. But the boys who were cycling, carrying milk, were singing, and the older men walked along quietly, relentlessly, broken, thin and hard of body. But still it was a beautiful, clear morning and the clarity was not disturbed by the train rattling over the bridge, by the sharp cry of the crows or by the call of a man on the other bank.

那天早上，有一些新鲜的事物， 当你坐下来看着它时，这种新并不在树上，不在田野里，也不在那些静止的水中。 它在别处。 你看它， 用新的头脑、新的心灵、没有昨天的记忆和人类肮脏的活动的眼睛。 它是一个灿烂的早晨，凉爽、清新，空气中飘扬着一首歌。 有乞丐路过，女人穿着脏兮兮的破衣服，带着燃料到一两英里外的镇上。 到处都是贫穷和彻底的冷漠。 但那些骑自行车、载着牛奶的男孩子们唱着歌， 年长的人们沿路走着，显得安静、面无表情，拖着破旧的、瘦弱的、僵硬的身体。 但这仍然是一个美丽、晴朗的早晨，这种清明并没有被 火车在桥上的嘎嘎作响声，几只牛的喊叫，对岸的人们的呼唤所打扰。

The room with its veranda overlooked the river thirty or more feet below. There was a group of parents sitting on the floor on a fairly clean rug. They were all well fed, dark, cleanly and they had an air of smug respectability. They had come as parents to talk over their relationship to their children and their children's education. In that part of the world tradition is still very strong. They were all supposed to be well educated, or rather they had taken some degrees in universities and they had, in their opinions, fairly good jobs. Respect was ingrained in them, not only for their superiors in their professions, but also for religious people. That is part of this hideous respectability. Respect invariably shows disrespect, utter disregard for those who are below them.

带阳台的这个房间，俯瞰着三十英尺或更远的河流。 有一群父母坐在地上的一块相当干净的地毯上。 他们都吃得饱饱的，黝黑的，干净的，而且有一种自鸣得意的受人尊敬的气氛。 他们以父母身份前来谈论他们与孩子们的关系以及孩子们的教育。 在这个世界的那个地方，传统仍然非常强大。 他们都应该受过良好的教育， 或者更确切地说，他们在大学里获得了一些学位，在他们看来，他们有相当不错的工作。 尊重在他们心中根深蒂固，不仅对他们职业上的上司，也对宗教人士。 那是这种可怕的尊重的一部分。 尊重不可避免地展示出不尊重，完全无视低于他们的人。

One of them said, "As a parent I would like to talk about my children, their education and what they are going to do. I feel responsible for my children. With my wife I have brought them up carefully, as carefully as we know how, telling them what to do and what not to do, guiding them, shaping them, helping them. I have sent them here to this school and I am concerned with what is going to happen to them. I have two daughters and two sons. As parents, my wife and I have done our very best and the best may not be sufficient. You know, Sir, there is an explosion of population, jobs are becoming more difficult, educational standards are lower and the students in the university are on strike because they don't want higher standards of examinations. They want easy marks; in fact they don't want to work or study. So I am disturbed and wonder how I, or the school or university, can prepare my children for the future."

其中一位说：“作为父母，我想谈谈我的孩子们， 他们的教育以及他们将要做什么。我觉得对我的孩子负责。 和妻子一起，我小心翼翼地抚养他们，尽我们所知， 告诉他们该做什么，不该做什么，指导他们，塑造他们，帮助他们。 我把他们送到这所学校，我很关心他们将要发生的事情。 我有两个女儿和两个儿子。 作为父母，我和妻子已经尽了最大的努力，但可能还不够。 你知道，先生，人口爆炸，工作越来越难，而在校的大学生在罢课 因为他们不想要更高的考试标准。 他们想要简易的标准；实际上他们不想工作或学习。 所以我很不安，我在想： 我、学校或大学要如何为我的孩子们的未来做好准备。”

Another added. "That is exactly my problem too. I have three children; the two boys are in the school here. They will undoubtedly pass some kind of examination, enter the university, and the degrees they will get are in no way near the European or American standards. But they are bright children and I feel that the education they are going to get, not in this school but later on, is going to destroy their bright eyes and the quickness of heart. Yet they must have a degree to find some sort of livelihood. I am greatly perturbed, watching conditions in this country, the overpopulation, the crushing poverty, the utter incapacity of politicians and the weight of tradition. I have to marry off my daughter; she will leave it entirely in my hands, for how can she know whom she should marry? I must choose a suitable husband who, with God's blessing, will have a degree and find a safe job somewhere. It is not easy and I am greatly perturbed."

另一个补充道。 “那也正是我的问题。我有三个孩子，两个男孩都在这里上学， 他们无疑会通过某种考试，进入大学， 他们将获得的学位远不及欧洲或美国的标准， 但他们是聪明的孩子，我觉得他们将要接受的教育， 不是在这所学校的，而是以后的，会毁掉他们明亮的眼睛和心灵的敏捷。 然而，他们必须有学位才能找到某种生计。 我非常不安，看着这个国家的状况， 人口过剩，极度贫困，政客们的完全无能和传统的负担。 我必须嫁出我的女儿； 在我的安排下，她会完好地出嫁，因为她怎么知道应该嫁给谁？ 我必须选择一个合适的丈夫，上帝保佑，她的丈夫将获得学位并在某处找到一份安全的工作。 这些事情并不容易，我非常不安。”

The other three parents agreed; they nodded their heads solemnly. Their bellies were full; they were Hindus to the core, steeped in their petty traditions and superficially worried about their children.

其他三位家长同意了；他们郑重地点点头。 他们的肚子很饱；他们本质上是印度教徒， 沉浸在他们的琐碎传统中，肤浅地担心他们的孩子们。

You have very carefully conditioned your children, though perhaps not deeply understanding the issue. Not only you but the society, the environment, the culture in which they have been brought up, both economic and social, have nurtured them, shaped them to a particular pattern. They are going to go through the mill of so-called education. If they are lucky they will get a job through your manipulations and settle down in their little homes with wives and husbands equally conditioned, to lead a monotonous, dull life. But after all that is what you want - a safe position, marriage so that they will not be promiscuous, with religion as an ornament. Most parents want this, don't they? - a safe place in society, a society they know in their hearts is corrupt. This is what you want and you have created schools and universities to bring this about. Give them a certain technological knowledge which will assure their livelihood and hope for the best, forgetting or purposely shutting your eyes to the rest of the human problem. You are concerned with one fragment and you will not consider the many fragments of human existence. You don't really want to be concerned, do you?

你已经非常小心地训练你的孩子， 尽管可能没有深入理解这个问题。 不只是你，还有他们成长中所处的这个社会、 环境和文化，无论是经济文化还是人文文化， 都培养了他们，把他们塑造成了特定的模式。 他们将接受训练，即所谓的教育。 如果他们幸运的话，他们会在你的操纵下找到一份工作，在他们的小房子里安顿下来， 一对社会局限相似的妻子和丈夫，过着单调乏味的生活。 但毕竟这就是你想要的 —— 一个安全的位置，婚姻，这样他们就不会滥交，而宗教则作为装饰品。 大多数父母都想要这个，不是吗？ —— 在一个他们心中知道的腐败的社会中，有一个安全的地方。 这就是你想要的，你已经创建了学校和大学来实现这一点。 给他们一定的技术知识， 这将确保他们的生计和最好的希望， 忘记或故意对人类问题的其余部分视而不见。 你只关心一块碎片，你不会考虑人类存在的许多碎片。 你真的不想考虑，是吗？

"We are not capable of it. We are not philosophers, we are not psychologists, we are not experts to examine the complexities of life. We are trained to be engineers, doctors, professional people and it takes all our time and energy to be up to date because so many new things are being discovered. From what you say, you want us to be proficient in the study of ourselves. We haven't the time, the inclination or the interest. I spend most of my time, as we all do here, in an office or building a bridge or attending to patients. We can only specialize in one field and shut our eyes to the rest. We haven't even the time to go to the temple: we leave that to our womenfolk. You want to bring about a revolution not only in religion but in education. We can't join you in this. I might like to but I just haven't the time."

“我们没有能力。我们不是哲学家，我们不是心理学家， 我们不是研究生活复杂性的专家。 我们被训练成为工程师、医生、专业人士， 这需要我们花掉所有的时间和精力去学习新知识，因为总有太多的新东西被发现。 从你说的，你要我们深刻地认识自我。 我们没有时间，没有意向，没有兴趣。 我已经花掉了大部分时间，我们都在这么做，在办公室里，在建一座桥，或照顾病人。 我们只能专攻一个领域，对其他领域视而不见。 我们甚至没有时间去寺庙：我们把它留给我们自己女人们。 你不仅要在宗教上，而且要在教育上带来一场革命。 我们不能加入你们。我可能喜欢，但我只是没有时间。”

One wonders whether you really have not the time. You have divided life into specialties. You have divided politics from religion, religion from business, the businessman from the artist, the professional from the layman and so on. It is this division that is creating havoc, not only in religion but in education. Your only concern is to see that your children have a degree. Competition is growing stiffer; in this country the standards of education are being lowered and yet you keep insisting that you have no time to consider the whole of human existence. That is what almost everybody says in different words. And therefore you sustain a culture in which there will be increasing competition, greater differences between the specialists and more human conflict and sorrow. It is your sorrow, not someone else's sorrow. Yet you protest that you have no time and your children will repeat the same thing. In the West there is revolt among the students and young people; revolt is always against something but those who revolt are as conformist as those against whom they have revolted. You want your children to conform: the whole religious and economic structure is based upon this conformity.

一个人在怀疑，你是否真的没有时间。 你已将生活划分为专业。 你已经将政治与宗教、宗教与商业、 商人与艺术家、专业人士与外行等等，划分开了。 正是这种分裂正在造成了严重的破坏，不仅在宗教方面，而且在教育方面。 你唯一关心的是看到你的孩子有学位。 竞争越来越激烈； 在这个国家，教育标准正在降低， 而你却坚持认为你没有时间考虑整个人类存在。 这几乎是每个人用不同的词表达出的。 因此，你维持一种文化，在这种文化中，竞争将越来越激烈， 专家之间的差异越来越大，人类的冲突和悲伤也会越来越多。 这是你的悲哀，不是别人的悲哀。 然而你抗议说，你没有时间，你的孩子会重复同样的事情。 在西方，学生和年轻人之间有反抗； 反抗总是针对某事， 但反抗者与他们反抗的人一样服从。 你希望你的孩子服从： 整个宗教和经济结构都基于这种服从。

Your education sees to it that they do conform. Because you hope through conformity to have no problems you think that problems arise only when there is disturbance, change. You don't see that it isn't change that produces problems but conformity itself. You are afraid that any alteration in the pattern will bring about chaos, confusion, and therefore you condition your children to accept the traditional attitudes; you condition them to conform. The problems that arise from this conformity are innumerable. Every physical revolution starts out to break the physical pattern of conformity but soon establishes its own pattern of conformity, as in Russia and China. Each one thinks that through his conformity there will be security. With this movement of conformity comes authority. Education as it is now, teaches the young to obey, accept and follow, and those who revolt against this have their own pattern of obedience, acceptance and subservience. With the increase of population and with the rapid growth of technology, you, the parents, are caught in a trap of mounting problems and the incapacity to solve them. This whole process you call education.

你的教育确保他们真正地服从。 因为你希望通过服从而消除问题， 所以，你认为只有在有干扰、有变化的时候，才会出现问题。 你没有看到产生问题的不是变化，而是“服从”本身。 你害怕模式的任何改变都会带来混乱、困惑， 因此，你让你的孩子接受传统的观念；你约束他们去服从。 这种服从产生的问题数不胜数。 每一次外在的革命，都以打破服从的外在模式开始， 但很快，就会建立自己的服从模式，就像在俄罗斯和中国一样。 每个人都认为通过他的服从就会有安全感。 随着这种服从运动而来的是权威。 现在的教育，教育年轻人去服从、接受和追随， 而那些反抗者有他们自己的服从、接受和奉承的模式。 随着人口的增加和科技的飞速发展， 您，作为父母的您，掉进了一个问题越来越多而无法解决的陷阱。 这整个过程，你称之为教育。

"What you say is perfectly true. You are stating a fact, but what are we to do? Put yourself in our place. We beget children, our appetites are very strong. Our minds have been conditioned by the culture in which we have been brought up, as a Hindu, or Muslim, and confronted with this enormous problem of living - and it is enormous - to live as you suggest as whole, complete human beings is bewildering. We are committed, we have to earn a livelihood, we have responsibilities. We cannot go back and begin again. Here we are caught in a trap, as you say."

“你说的完全正确。你在陈述一个事实，但我们该怎么做？ 把你自己放在我们的位置上。我们抚养孩子，我们的偏见很深。 我们的头脑已经被我们所处的文化所制约，成为一个印度教徒或穆斯林， 面对这个巨大的生活问题 —— 它是巨大的 —— 按照你的建议生活，作为一个整体，整个人类是令人困惑的。 我们顽固，我们必须谋生，我们有责任。 我们不能回去重新开始。正如你所说，我们掉进了陷阱。”

But you can see to it that your children are not caught in a trap. That is your responsibility: not to push them through some stupid examinations, but as parents to see that from their childhood they are not in any way caught in the trap that you and the past generations have created. Give of your time to see that you change the environment, the culture; see that there are the right kinds of schools and universities. Don't leave it to the Government. The Government is as thoughtless as you are, as indifferent, as callous. Instead of perpetuating the pattern of the trap, your responsibility now lies in seeing to it that there is no trap. All this means that you have to be awake, not only in your particular profession or career but to the immense danger of perpetuating the trap.

但是您可以确保您的孩子不掉入陷阱。 那就是你的责任： 不是强迫他们通过一些愚蠢的考试， 而是作为父母，照看他们，让他们从童年开始，就不会以任何方式掉入陷阱 —— 那个你和过去的几代人所创造的陷阱。 当你花时间照看子女时，就会改变环境和文化， 就会有合适的学校和大学。 不要把这些事情留给政府。 政府和你一样轻率、冷漠、无情。 现在，您的责任在于，照看它，使其没有陷阱，而不是使陷阱模式化、永久化。 所有这一切意味着你必须保持清醒，不仅是在你特定的专业或行业中， 而且还要在使陷阱永久化的巨大危险中。

"We see the danger but we seem to be incapable of acting even when we see it."

“我们看到这种危险，但即使看到了，我们似乎也无能为力。”

You see the danger verbally and intellectually, and that seeing you call danger, which actually it is not. When you really see danger you act, you don't theorize about it. You don't oppose dialectically one opinion with another: you actually see the truth of the danger as you would see the danger of a cobra and you act. But you refuse to see this danger because it would mean you would have to wake up. There are disturbances and you are frightened of them. This is what prompts you to say that you have no time, which obviously is not so.

你在言语和智力上看到危险， 那个你称之为危险的东西，实际上不是它。 当你真正看到危险，你就会立刻行动，你不会对它进行理论化。 你不会辩证地反对各种意见： 你实际上看到了危险的真理，就像你看到眼镜蛇的危险一样，那么，你就会采取行动。 但是你拒绝看到这种危险，因为这意味着你必须苏醒。 那里有干扰，你害怕它们。 这就是你含蓄地说，你没有时间的原因，显然不是。

So as parents who are concerned, you must be committed utterly and completely to seeing that your children are not caught in the trap: therefore you will bring about different schools, different universities, different politics, different ways of living together, which means that you must care for your children. Caring for children implies the right kind of food, the right kind of clothing, the right kind of books, the right kind of amusement, the right kind of education; and therefore you are concerned with the right kind of educator. To you the educator is the least respected. Your respect is for those who have a great deal of money, position and prestige, and the educator who has the responsibility for the coming generation you totally disregard. The educator needs education as you, the parents, need education.

所以，作为在乎的父母， 你必须全心全意地确保你的孩子们不掉进这种陷阱： 因此你会带来 不同的学校、不同的大学、不同的政治、不同的生活方式， 这意味着你必须照顾你的孩子。 照顾孩子意味着正确的食物、正确的衣服、 正确的书籍、正确的娱乐、正确的教育； 因此，您关心的是正确的教育者类型。 对你来说，教育者是最不受尊重的。 你尊重的是那些拥有大量金钱、地位和威望的人， 以及你完全无视的对下一代负有责任的教育者。 教育者需要教育，就像作为父母的您需要教育一样。

The sun was now beginning to get hot, there were deepening shadows and the morning was wearing itself out. The sky was less blue and the children were playing in the field, released from their classes, from the repetitive lessons and the drudgery of books.

太阳现在开始变热了， 阴影越来越深，早晨已经过去了。 天空不再那么蓝了，孩子们在田野里玩耍， 从课堂、重复的课程和枯燥的书本中解放了。