2-1

It is always exciting to go to a new country, especially when you are very young. One feels that very much in this country where there is great physical freedom, where everyone seems to have so much energy, where there is a restless, changing activity that seems to have no end. From coast to coast, except for one or two cities, the great towns are all alike. But the country is vast and extraordinarily beautiful with its great spaces, deserts and long, winding deep rivers. You can find all climates here from the tropics to high, snowy mountains.

到一个新的国家总是令人兴奋的，尤其是当你还很年轻的时候。 一个人深刻地感受到，在这个拥有极大的身体自由的国家里， 每个人似乎都精力充沛，好像有一种没有尽头的、不安分的、不断变化的运动。 从海岸线到海岸线，除了一两个城市外，所有的大城市都是相似的。 但这个国家幅员辽阔，风景秀丽，拥有广阔的空间、沙漠和蜿蜒的深河。 从热带到高大的雪山等所有气候，您对可以在这里找到。

Over looking the blue Pacific, in a large room several of us were talking about education. A tall man in a tweed jacket said: "My sons and daughters are in revolt. They seem to regard their home as a passage to somewhere else. They have a feeling that they cannot be told anything, that they have all the answers. They dislike any form of authority or what they think is authority. They are naturally against war, not because they have thought a great deal about the causes of war, but because they are against killing other human beings; yet they would approve of war for certain causes. They are strangely violent, not only with us, but they are against the government, against this and that. They say they are against conformity but from what I have seen of them and the friends they bring home they are as conforming in their way as we ever were. Their form of conformity is long hair, dirty, bare feet, general slackness and promiscuity. They have their own language. My son has taken drugs. He could have done very well at the university but he has dropped out. Although he is sensitive, intelligent and what one would call thoughtful, he is caught up in this maelstrom of chaos. His whole generation is against the established order, whether it is that of the university, the government or the family. Some of them read books on mysticism or indulge in black magic and other strange occult subjects. Some of them are really very nice, gentle, quiet, but with a sense of agonizing despair."

俯瞰蓝色的太平洋，在一个大房间里，我们几个人正在谈论教育。 一个穿着粗花呢夹克的高个子男人说：“我的儿子和女儿们都在反抗。 他们似乎把他们的家看作是通往其他地方的通道。 他们听不进任何人说的话，感觉他们什么都懂的样子。 他们不喜欢任何形式的权威或他们以为是权威的东西。 他们天生反对战争，却没怎么考虑过战争的起因， 而是因为他们反对杀人； 但他们肯定会因某种原因而赞成战争。 他们非常暴力，不仅对我们，而且他们反对政府，反对这个和那个。 他们说他们反对服从， 但我观察了他们和他们带回家的朋友们， 他们的和我们一样服从。 他们的服从形式是长发、肮脏、光脚、普遍的懈怠和滥交。 他们有自己的语言。我儿子吸毒了。 他本可以在大学里取得很好的成绩，但他退学了。 尽管他敏感、聪明，可以称之为有思想的人， 但他还是被卷入了这场混乱的漩涡中。 他这一代人都反对既定的秩序， 无论是大学的秩序、政府的秩序还是家庭的秩序。 他们中的一些人阅读有关神秘主义的书籍，或沉迷于黑魔法和其他奇怪的神秘主题。 他们中的一些人真的非常好，温柔，安静，但有一种痛苦的绝望感。”

Another man spoke. "It is all very well while they are young but what will happen when they are older? In a country like this they can earn a few dollars easily and live on them for a while but as they grow older they will find it isn't as simple as they thought it would be. In revolt against our affluent society they turn to what they call a simple life; they want to go back to a primitive life and become like savages with many wives and children, digging a little in the garden and so on. They form communes. Some of them are serious but then others drift in and upset all their plans. And so it goes on."

另一个男人开口了。“在他们年轻的时候，一切都还好， 但当他们老了，会发生什么？ 在这样的国家，他们可以轻松赚到几美元并靠这些钱生活一段时间， 但随着年龄的增长，他们会发现情况并非像他们想象的那么简单。 为了反抗我们的富裕社会，他们转向他们所谓的简单生活； 他们想回到原始生活， 变得像野蛮人一样，有许多妻子和孩子，在花园里挖一点等等。 他们组成公社。 他们中的一些人是认真的，但另一些人则随波逐流，打乱了他们的所有计划。 事情就这样继续着。”

The third man said: "I don't know the cause of all this. As parents we are blamed for their upbringing, for their revolt, for their lack of respect. Of course we parents have our own difficulties. Our families are broken up, we quarrel, we are bored with what we are doing, we are deep down hypocrites. We keep our religion for the week ends and the rest of the week we are merely tamed savages. Our children see all this - at least mine do - and naturally they have scant respect for us. We voted for our leaders and they despise those leaders. We have been to colleges and universities, they see what we are like and naturally - I don't blame them - they don't want to be like us at all. My son called me a hypocrite to my face and as he was telling a fact, I couldn't do anything about it. This revolt is sweeping the world."

第三个人说：“我不知道这一切的原因。 作为父母，由于我们对他们的抚养、他们的反抗、他们的不尊重而受到指责。 当然，我们父母有我们自己的困难。 我们的家庭破裂了，我们争吵，我们对我们正在做的事情感到厌烦，在内心深处，我们是伪君子。 我们在周末保持我们的宗教信仰，而在其余的日子里，我们只是被驯服的野蛮人。 我们的孩子们看到了这一切 —— 至少我是这样 —— 他们自然地，不尊重我们。 我们投票给我们的领导人，他们鄙视那些领导人。 我们去过学院和大学，他们看到了我们的样子， 自然地 —— 我不责怪他们 —— 他们不想完全像我们一样。 我儿子当着我的面骂我是伪君子，他说的是事实，我对此无能为力。 这场叛乱正在席卷这个世界。”

And the fourth said: "If you ask them what they want to do, except for those who are committed to a particular political action - and fortunately there aren't too many of those - they will tell you, 'We don't know and we don't want to know. We know what we don't want and as we go along we will find out.' Their argument is very simple: 'You knew what you wanted to do - get more money and a better position and look where you have brought the world. We certainly don't want that.' Some of them want an easy, comfortable life, drifting, yielding to every form of pleasure. Sex is nothing to them. I wonder why all this has come about so suddenly in the last few years. You have often been to this country: what do you think is the cause of all this!"

第四个说： “如果你问他们想要做什么， 除了那些致力于特定政治行动的人 —— 幸运的是，这样的人不多 —— 他们会告诉你， ‘我们不知道，我们也不想知道， 但我们知道哪些是我们不想要的。随着我们的深入，我们会发现。’ 他们的论点非常简单：‘你知道你自己想做什么 —— 获得更多的钱和更好的职位，看看你把世界带到了哪里。 我们当然不希望继续。’ 他们中的一些人想要轻松舒适的生活，随波逐流，屈服于各种形式的快乐。 性对他们来说无关紧要。我想知道：为什么这一切在最近几年突然地发生。 你经常到这个国家：你认为这一切的原因是什么​​！”

Isn't there a deeper cause, a deeper movement of which perhaps the younger generation is not aware? In a society or culture that is so rich physically, with an astonishing technology, a people with so much energy may be living a very superficial life. Their religious beliefs and their struggles are not conducive to looking deeply within themselves. The outward thrust of material well-being with all its competitiveness, its wars, seems to satisfy them. They don't seem to want to investigate much wider or deeper, though they want to conquer space. They are concerned with the outer explosion - more of this and more of that - and are committed to the enjoyment of pleasure. Their God is dead, if they ever had a God. Volumes have been written about them, they have been analysed and put into categories. They even have classes where they learn to be sensitive. The feeling for vocation has come to an end. Life has become standardized and meaningless, with overcrowded cities, endless motorways and all the rest of it.

难道没有一种更深层次的原因，一种更深层的运动， 而这，或许许年轻的一代并不知道它的存在？ 在一个物质如此丰富、拥有惊人技术的社会或文化中， 一个精力充沛的人可能过着非常肤浅的生活。 他们的宗教信仰和挣扎不利于深入观察他们自己。 追求物欲的推力，以及它所带来的竞争和战争，似乎满足了他们。 他们似乎不想进行更广泛或更深入的调查，尽管他们想征服太空。 他们关心外在的爆发 —— 获取更多的这个或那个 —— 并致力于享受快乐。 他们的上帝已经死了，如果他们有过上帝。 已经写了很多关于它们的文章，它们已经过分析并分门别类。 他们甚至开设了让他们学习敏感的课程。使命感已经走向了终结。 生活变得标准化和毫无意义，城市过度拥挤，高速公路无边无际，等等。

What have you to offer to the young? What have you to give them - your worries, your problems, your absurd achievements? Naturally any intelligent person must revolt against all this. But that very revolt has in it the seed of conformity: conforming within one's own group and opposing another group. The young start out by revolting against conformity and end up conforming in a most absurd way just as thoroughly. You have lived for pleasure and they want to live for their own kind of pleasure. You have helped to bring about war and naturally they are against war. Everything that you have done, built and produced is for material well-being which has its place, but when that becomes an end in itself, then chaos begins. One wonders if you really love your children? Not that others do in other parts of the world; that is not the point. You may care for them when they are very young, give them what they want, give them the best food, spoil them, treat them like toys and use them for your own fulfilment and enjoyment. In this there is never any restraint, never a feeling for an austerity that is not at all the harshness of the monk. You have an idea that they must move freely, must not be repressed, that they must not be told what to do; you follow what the specialists recommend and the psychiatrists say. You produce a generation without restraint and when they revolt you are horrified, or pleased, according to your conditioning. So you are responsible for all this.

你能提供什么给年轻人？你有什么可以给他们的 —— 你的忧虑、你的问题、你荒谬的成就？ 自然地，任何有智慧的人都必须反抗这一切。 但是，这种反叛本身就蕴含着服从的种子： 服从一个人所在的群体而反对另一个群体。 年轻人一开始反对服从，而最后，以最荒谬的方式彻底地服从。 你为享乐而活，他们想为他们拥有的享乐而活。 你们促成了战争，自然地，他们就反对战争。 你所做的一切，建造和生产是为了物质上的丰裕，这些都有它的恰当之处， 但当把它本身作为一个目标的时候，那么，混乱就开始了。 我想知道你是否真的爱你的孩子？ 不是其他人在世界其他地方所做的；那不是重点。 在他们很小的时候，你可能照顾他们， 给他们想要的东西，给他们最好的食物，宠坏了他们， 把他们当作玩具对待，并用他们来满足你自己和享受。 在这方面从来没有任何克制，从来没有朴素的、严肃的对待。 你有一个想法，他们必须自由行动，不能被压制，不能被告知该做什么； 你遵循专家的建议和精神科医生的说法。 你产生出不受约束的一代人，当他们反抗时， 你会感到恐惧或高兴，这取决于你所受的限制。 所以，你们对这一切都负有负责。

Doesn't this indicate, if one may ask, that there is no real love? Love has become merely a form of pleasure, a spiritual or physical entertainment. In spite of all the care you gave them when they were small you allow them to be killed. In your heart you want them to conform, not to your pattern as parents, but to the structure of a social order that is in itself corrupt. You are horrified when they spit on all this but in a strange way you admire it. You think it shows great independence. After all, historically you left Europe to be independent and so the circle is everlastingly repeated.

如果一个人可以问，这难道没有表明不存在真正的爱吗？ 爱已成为一种形式上的快乐、一种精神或物质上的娱乐。 尽管在他们小的时候，你给予了他们所有的照顾，但你还是允许他们被杀死。 在你的心里，你希望他们服从，不是去服从你们父母制定的模式， 而是去服从一个早就已经腐败的社会结构。 当他们吐槽这一切时，您会感到震惊，但您却以一种奇怪的方式欣赏它。 你认为它表现出了极大的独立性。 毕竟，在历史上，你离开欧洲是为了独立，所以这个循环永远在重复。

They were quiet. And then the tall man said, "What is the cause of all this? I understand very well what you say. It is clear and obvious when you look at it. But underneath what is the meaning of it?"

他们很安静。高个子男人说： “这一切的原因是什么？你所说的，我很明白， 当你看它的时候，它很清楚和明显，但到底是什么意思？”

You have tried to give significance to a life that has very little meaning, that is very shallow and petty, and failing in this you try to expand it on the same level. This expansion can go on endlessly but it has no depth, no profundity. The horizontal movement will lead to all kinds of places that are exciting and entertaining, but life remains very shallow. You may try to give depth to it intellectually but it is still trivial. To a mind that is really enquiring, not merely verbally examining or intellectually putting together hypotheses, to the enquiring mind the horizontal movement has very little significance. It can offer nothing except the very obvious, and so the revolt again becomes trivial because it is still moving in the same direction - outward, political, reformatory and so on. The only revolution is within oneself. It is not horizontal but vertical - down and up. The inward movement in oneself is never horizontal and because it is inward it has immeasurable depth. And when there is really this depth it is neither horizontal nor vertical.

你试图给生命赋予一个很小的、非常肤浅和琐碎的意义， 但失败了，你试图在同一层次上扩展它。 这种扩展可以无休止地进行，但它没有深度，不深刻。 这种水平式的运动会导致各种令人兴奋和娱乐的地方，但生活依旧肤浅。 您可能会尝试在智力上对其进行深入研究，但这仍然是微不足道的。 对于一个真正在调查的头脑，不仅仅在言语上检查，或在智力上推测， 对于这种调查的头脑来说，水平运动几乎没有意义。 除了非常明显的东西之外，它什么也不能提供， 因此反抗再次变得微不足道，因为它仍在朝着同一个方向前进 —— 外向的、政治的、改革的等等。唯一的革命是在自身的内部。 它不是水平的而是垂直的 —— 向下和向上。 自己内在的运动从来不是水平的，因为它是内在的，所以它具有不可估量的深度。 当真的有这个深度的时候，它既不是水平的，也不是垂直的。

This you don't offer. Your Gods, your preachers, your leaders are concerned with the superficial, with better arrangements, better systems and organizations which are necessary for efficiency; but that is not the total answer. You may have a marvellous bureaucracy but it inevitably becomes tyrannical. Tyranny brings order to the superficial. Your religion which is supposed to offer depth is the gift of the intellect, carefully planned, recognized and believed in, a thing of propaganda.

这是你提供不了的。 你们的神、你们的传道者、你们的领袖关心的是表面， 有更好的计划，更好的系统和高效的组织； 但是，那些不是全部的答案。你们可能有一个了不起的政府机构，但它不可避免地变得专制。 专制带来了表面的秩序。 你们的宗教被认为能提供某种有深度的东西，被称之为“领悟”的礼物， 被精心地策划、识别和信仰，成了一种宣传品。

But this has no inward beauty. As long as education is concerned merely with the culture of the outer, specializing, enforcing conformity, the inner movement with its immense depth will inevitably be for the few, and in that also there lies great sorrow. Sorrow cannot be solved, cannot be understood when you are running with tremendous energy along the superficial. Unless you solve this through self-knowing you will have revolt after revolt, reforms which need further reformation, and the endless antagonism of man against man will go on. Self-knowing is the beginning of wisdom and it does not lie in books, in churches or in the piling up of words.

但是这些东西的里面，不存在美。 只要教育仅仅关注外在的、职业性的、强制性的驯化文化， 有无限深度的内在运动就不可避免地属于少数人，这样一来，也留下了巨大的悲哀。 当你带着巨大的能量沿着表面奔跑时，悲哀无法解决，无法理解。 除非你通过自我认识来解决这个问题，否则，你会一个接一个地反抗，一次又一次地改革， 而人与人之间的无休止的对抗会持续。 自我认识是智慧的开端，它不在书本上，不在教堂里，也不在堆积如山的文字中。