I SHOULD LIKE TO discuss the problem of action. This may be rather abstruse and difficult at the beginning but I hope that by thinking it over we shall be able to see the issue clearly, because our whole existence, our whole life, is a process of action.
我想讨论一下行为问题。 在开始时，可能感到相当的深奥和困难 但我希望通过仔细思考，我们能够清楚地看到这个问题， 因为我们的整个存在，我们的整个生命，是一个行为的过程。
Most of us live in a series of actions, of seemingly unrelated, disjointed actions, leading to disintegration, to frustration. It is a problem that concerns each one of us, because we live by action and without action there is no life, there is no experience, there is no thinking. Thought is action; and merely to pursue action at one particular level of consciousness, which is the outer, merely to be caught up in outward action without understanding the whole process of action itself, will inevitably lead us to frustration, to misery.
我们大多数人生活在一系列看似无关、脱节的行为之中， 并导致崩溃、挫折。 这是一个关系到我们每一个人的问题， 因为我们靠行为而活着，没有了行为，就不存在生命、体验、思考。 思想就是行为； 仅仅在意识的一个特定层次上，也就是在外在层面上采取行动， 只能深陷于外在的行为中 不理解行为本身的整个过程，将不可避免地导致我们陷入挫折和悲惨之中。
Our life is a series of actions or a process of action at different levels of consciousness. Consciousness is experiencing, naming and recording. That is consciousness is challenge and response, which is experiencing, then terming or naming, and then recording, which is memory. This process is action, is it not? Consciousness is action; and without challenge, response, without experiencing, naming or terming, without recording, which is memory, there is no action.
我们的生命是一系列行为，或者一种在不同意识层次的行为过程。 意识就是体验、命名和记录。 那就是意识是挑战和回应， 也就是体验，然后术语化或命名，然后记录，也就是记忆。 这个过程就是行为，它不是吗？ 意识是行为； 没有挑战，回应，没有体验，命名或术语化， 不作记录 —— 记录即记忆，也就没有了行为。
Now action creates the actor. That is the actor comes into being when action has a result, an end in view. If there is no result in action, then there is no actor; but if there is an end or a result in view, then action brings about the actor. Thus actor, action, and end or result, is a unitary process, a single process, which comes into being when action has an end in view. Action towards a result is will; otherwise there is no will, is there? The desire to achieve an end brings about will, which is the actor - I want to achieve, I want to write a book, I want to be a rich man, I want to paint a picture.
现在，行为创造了演员。 也就是说，当行为有一个结果，有目的时，就会产生了这位演员。 如果在行动中，没有结果，那么就没有演员； 但是，如果有一个目的或结果，那么行为就会带来演员。 因此，演员、行为、目的或结果，是一个统一的过程，一个单一的过程， 当行动有目的时，它就会出现。 朝向一个结果的行为，就是意志；否则就没有意志，有吗？ 达到目的的欲望带来了意志，意志就是这位主角 —— 我想猎取，我想写一本书，我想成为一个有钱人，我想画一幅画。
We are familiar with these three states: the actor, the action, and the end. That is our daily existence. I am just explaining what is; but we will begin to understand how to transform what is only when we examine it clearly, so that there is no illusion or prejudice, no bias with regard to it. Now these three states which constitute experience - the actor, the action, and the result - are surely a process of becoming. Otherwise there is no becoming, is there?
我们熟悉这三种状态：演员、行为和目的。 那就是我们的日常存在方式。 我只是在陈述什么； 但只有当我们清楚地检查它时，我们才会开始理解如何转变它， 那么就没有幻想或偏见，没有对它的扭曲。 现在这三种状态构成了体验 —— 演员、行为和结果 —— 这肯定是一个成为的过程。 否则就没有成为，有吗？
If there is no actor, and if there is no action towards an end, there is no becoming; but life as we know it, our daily life, is a process of becoming. I am poor and I act with an end in view, which is to become rich. I am ugly and I want to become beautiful. Therefore my life is a process of becoming something. The will to be is the will to become, at different levels of consciousness, in different states, in which there is challenge, response, naming and recording. Now this becoming is strife, this becoming is pain, is it not? It is a constant struggle: I am this, and I want to become that.
如果没有演员，如果没有达到目的的动作，就没有成为； 但是我们所知道的生命，我们的日常生命，就是一个成为的过程。 我很穷，我的行为是为了目的，那就是变得富有。 我很丑，我想变得美丽。 因此，我的生命是一个成为某种人物的过程。 存在的意志就是在不同的意识层次上，在不同的状态中，去成为某某的意志， 其中有挑战、回应、命名和记录。 现在，在这个成为的行为之中，有纷争，有痛苦，不是吗？ 這是一個不斷的掙扎：我是這個，我想成為那個。
Therefore, then, the problem is: Is there not action without this becoming? Is there not action without this pain, without this constant battle? If there is no end, there is no actor because action with an end in view creates the actor. But can there be action without an end in view, and therefore no actor - that is without the desire for a result? Such action is not a becoming, and therefore not a strife. There is a state of action, a state of experiencing, without the experiencer and the experience. This sounds rather philosophical but it is really quite simple.
因此，问题来了：没有这个成为就没有行动吗？ 难道没有这种痛苦，没有这种不断的战斗，就没有行动吗？ 如果没有目标，就没有演员，因为带有目标的行为在愿景中创造出了这位演员。 但是，难道就不存在没有目标的行动，因而就没有演员吗？ —— 也就是没有对结果的欲望？ 这种行动不是成为，因此不是一种冲突。 有一种行动的状态，一种体验的状态，而没有体验者和体验。 这听起来相当哲学化，但实际上很简单。
In the moment of experiencing, you are not aware of yourself as the experiencer apart from the experience; you are in a state of experiencing. Take a very simple example: you are angry. In that moment of anger there is neither the experiencer nor the experience; there is only experiencing. But the moment you come out of it, a split second after the experiencing, there is the experiencer and the experience, the actor and the action with an end in view - which is to get rid of or to suppress the anger. We are in this state repeatedly, in the state of experiencing; but we always come out of it and give it a term, naming and recording it, and thereby giving continuity to becoming.
在体验的那一刻， 除了体验之外，你没有意识到自己是体验者； 你处于一种体验的状态。 举一个非常简单的例子：你很生气。 在愤怒的时刻，既没有体验者，也没有这个体验；只是体验本身。 但是当你走出来的那一刻，在体验之后的一瞬间， 就有了体验者和这种体验，就有了演员和带有目的性的行为 —— 也就是摆脱或抑制这个愤怒。 我们反复处于这种状态，处于体验的状态； 但是我们总是从中走出来，给它一个术语，命名和记录它，从而赋予了成为的连续性。
If we can understand action in the fundamental sense of the word then that fundamental understanding will affect our superficial activities also; but first we must understand the fundamental nature of action. Now is action brought about by an idea? Do you have an idea first and act afterwards? Or does action come first and then, because action creates conflict, you build around it an idea? Does action create the actor or does the actor come first?
如果我们能从这个词的基本意义上理解行动 那么这种基本性的理解也会影响我们的肤浅活动； 但首先我们必须理解行为的基本性质。 现在行为是由一个想法带来的吗？ 你先有想法，然后再行动吗？ 还是行动是先来的，然后，因为行动制造出了冲突，你就围绕它建立一个想法？ 是行动造就了演员，还是演员在先？
It is very important to discover which comes first. If the idea comes first, then action merely conforms to an idea, and therefore it is no longer action but imitation, compulsion according to an idea. It is very important to realize this; because, as our society is mostly constructed on the intellectual or verbal level, the idea comes first with all of us and action follows. Action is then the handmaid of an idea, and the mere construction of ideas is obviously detrimental to action. Ideas breed further ideas, and when there is merely the breeding of ideas there is antagonism, and society becomes top-heavy with the intellectual process of ideation. Our social structure is very intellectual; we are cultivating the intellect at the expense of every other factor of our being and therefore we are suffocated with ideas.
发现哪个先来是非常重要的。 如果想法是第一位的，那么行动只是去符合一个想法， 因此，它不再是行动，而是模仿，根据想法而强迫去做。 认识到这一点非常重要； 因为，由于我们的社会大多是在智力或语言层面上构建的， 我们所有人首先要这么去想，然后行动随之而来。 因此，行动是思想的女仆，单纯的思想建构显然不利于行动。 思想孕育出进一步的思想，当仅有思想在蔓延时，就会产生敌对， 随着思想的智力发展，社会变得头重脚轻。 我们的社会结构非常智力化； 我们以牺牲我们存在的所有其他因素为代价，以培养智力 因此，我们被想法窒息了。
Can ideas ever produce action, or do ideas merely mould thought and therefore limit action? When action is compelled by an idea, action can never liberate man. It is extraordinarily important for us to understand this point. If an idea shapes action, then action can never bring about the solution to our miseries because, before it can be put into action, we have first to discover how the idea comes into being.
想法能否产生行动，还是想法只是在塑造思想，从而限制了行动？ 当行动被一个想法所强迫时，行动永远无法解放人。 对我们来说，理解这一点非常重要。 如果一个想法在塑造行动，那么行动永远无法解决我们的痛苦，因为， 在付诸行动之前，我们首先要发现这个想法是如何产生的。
The investigation of ideation, of the building up of ideas, whether of the socialists, the capitalists, the communists, or of the various religions, is of the utmost importance, especially when our society is at the edge of a precipice, inviting another catastrophe, another excision. Those who are really serious in their intention to discover the human solution to our many problems must first understand this process of ideation.
对思想的调查，对思想的建立， 无论是社会主义者、资本家、共产主义者还是各种宗教， 是最重要的，尤其是 当我们的社会处于悬崖边缘，招致另一场灾难，另一场清剿。 那些真正认真地意图发现解决我们人类各种问题的人 必须首先理解这个构思的过程。
What do we mean by an idea? How does an idea come into being? And can idea and action be brought together? Suppose I have an idea and I wish to carry it out. I seek a method of carrying out that idea, and we speculate, waste our time and energies in quarrelling over how the idea should be carried out. So, it is really very important to find out how ideas come into being; and after discovering the truth of that we can discuss the question of action. Without discussing ideas, merely to find out how to act has no meaning.
我们所说的想法是什么意思？一个想法是如何产生的？ 想法和行动可以结合在一起吗？ 假设我有一个想法，我希望实现它。 我寻求一种实现这个想法的方法， 我们猜测，耗费我们的时间和精力来争论应该如何实施这个想法。 因此，找出想法是如何产生的，确实非常重要； 在发现真相之后，我们可以讨论行动的问题。 不讨论想法，仅仅找出如何行动，是没有意义的。
Now how do you get an idea - a very simple idea, it need not be philosophical, religious or economic? Obviously it is a process of thought, is it not? Idea is the outcome of a thought process. Without a thought process, there can be no idea. So I have to understand the thought process itself before I can understand its product, the idea. What do we mean by thought ? When do you think?
现在你如何得到一个想法？ —— 一个非常简单的想法，它不必是哲学的、宗教的或经济的。 显然，这是一个思考的过程，不是吗？ 想法是思想过程的结果。没有思考过程，就不可能有想法。 所以我必须先了解思考本身，然后才能理解它的产品，想法。 我们所说的思想是什么意思？你什么时候思考？
Obviously thought is the result of a response, neurological or psychological, is it not? It is the immediate response of the senses to a sensation, or it is psychological, the response of stored-up memory. There is the immediate response of the nerves to a sensation, and there is the psychological response of stored-up memory, the influence of race, group, guru, family, tradition, and so on - all of which you call thought. So the thought process is the response of memory, is it not? You would have no thoughts if you had no memory; and the response of memory to a certain experience brings the thought process into action. Say, for example, I have the stored-up memories of nationalism, calling myself a Hindu. That reservoir of memories of past responses actions, implications, traditions, customs, responds to the challenge of a Mussulman, a Buddhist or a Christian, and the response of memory to the challenge inevitably brings about a thought process.
显然，思想是神经或心理反应的结果，它不是吗？ 它是感官对感觉的即时反应，或者是心理上的，是储存记忆的反应。 神经对感觉有即时的反应， 还有记忆上的心理反应， 種族、團體、上師、家庭、傳統等等的影響 —— 所有這些你都稱之為思想。 所以思想过程是记忆的反应，不是吗？ 如果你没有记忆，你就不会有思想； 记忆对某种体验的反应使思想过程付诸行动。 比如说，我有民族主义的记忆，称自己为印度教徒。 过去的仓库，也就是记忆在回应，产生条件反射 过去的影响、传统、习俗以穆斯林、佛教徒或基督徒的身份回应这个挑战， 记忆对挑战的回应，不可避免地带来了一个思想过程。
Watch the thought process operating in yourself and you can test the truth of this directly. You have been insulted by someone, and that remains in your memory; it forms part of the background. When you meet the person, which is the challenge, the response is the memory of that insult. So the response of memory, which is the thought process, creates an idea; therefore the idea is always conditioned - and this is important to understand. That is to say the idea is the result of the thought process, the thought process is the response of memory, and memory is always conditioned. Memory is always in the past, and that memory is given life in the present by a challenge. Memory has no life in itself; it comes to life in the present when confronted by a challenge. And all memory, whether dormant or active, is conditioned, is it not?
观察你自己内心的思想过程，你可以直接测试这个的真实性。 你被某人侮辱了，这留在你的记忆中；它构成了背景的一部分。 当你遇到那个人时，这是一个挑战，其回应就是对这种侮辱的回忆。 因此，记忆的回应，即思想过程，创造出一个想法； 因此，这个想法总是被局限的 —— 理解这一点很重要。 也就是说，这个想法是思想过程的结果， 思想过程是记忆的回应，记忆总是受局限的。 记忆总是在过去，而这种记忆通过一个挑战，被现在赋予了生命。 记忆本身没有生命；当面对挑战时，它会活跃于现下。 所有的记忆，无论是休眠的还是活跃的，都是受限的，不是吗？
Therefore there has to be quite a different approach. You have to find out for yourself, inwardly, whether you are acting on an idea, and if there can be action without ideation. Let us find out what that is: action which is not based on an idea.
因此，必须采取完全不同的方法。 你必须自己找出，在内心， 你是否在按照一个想法行事，以及是否可以在没有构思的情况下采取行动。 让我们找出那是什么：不是基于想法的行动。
When do you act without ideation? When is there an action which is not the result of experience? An action based on experience is, as we said, limiting, and therefore a hindrance. Action which is not the outcome of an idea is spontaneous when the thought process, which is based on experience, is not controlling action; which means that there is action independent of experience when the mind is not controlling action.
你什么时候不做任何构思？ 什么时候有一个行动不是体验的结果？ 正如我们所说，基于体验的行动是限制性的，因此是一种障碍。 当基于体验的思想过程没有控制行动的时候， 这种不是出自于某个想法的行动，是自发性的； 这意味着当头脑不控制行动时，有独立于体验的行动。
That is the only state in which there is understanding: when the mind, based on experience, is not guiding action: when thought, based on experience, is not shaping action. What is action, when there is no thought process? Can there be action without thought process? That is I want to build a bridge, a house. I know the technique, and the technique tells me how to build it. We call that action. There is the action of writing a poem, of painting, of governmental responsibilities, of social, environmental responses. All are based on an idea or previous experience, shaping action. But is there an action when there is no ideation?
那是唯一的理解状态： 当基于体验的头脑不指导行动时： 当基于体验的思想没有塑造行动时。 当没有思想过程时，什么是行动？ 没有思考过程，能有行动吗？ 那就是我想建一座桥，一座房子。 我知道技术，技术告诉我如何构建它。我们称之为行动。 有写诗、绘画、政府责任、社会和环境反应的行动。 所有这些都基于一个想法或以前的体验，塑造出行动。 但是，在没有构思的情况下，是否有行动？
Surely there is such action when the idea ceases; and the idea ceases only when there is love. Love is not memory. Love is not experience. Love is not the thinking about the person that one loves, for then it is merely thought. You cannot think of love. You can think of the person you love or are devoted to - your guru, your image, your wife, your husband; but the thought, the symbol, is not the real which is love. Therefore love is not an experience.
当想法停止时，肯定会有这样的行动；只有当有爱时，这个想法才会停止。 爱不是记忆。爱不是体验。 愛不是對自己所愛之人的思考，因為那時它只是思想。 你无法去想爱。 你可以想到你的爱人或为之献身的人 —— 你的导师、你的形象、你的妻子、你的丈夫； 但思想，象征，不是真正的爱。因此，爱不是一种体验。
When there is love there is action, is there not?, and is that action not liberating? It is not the result of mentation, and there is no gap between love and action, as there is between idea and action. Idea is always old, casting its shadow on the present and we are ever trying to build a bridge between action and idea.
當有愛時，就有行動，沒有嗎？那個行動不是解放嗎？ 它不是心理的结果，在爱与行动之间，没有鸿沟，如同思想与行为一样。 思想总是古老的，给现在投下阴影 我们一直在努力在行动和想法之间架起一座桥梁。
When there is love - which is not mentation, which is not ideation, which is not memory, which is not the outcome of an experience, of a practised discipline - then that very love is action. That is the only thing that frees. So long as there is mentation, so long as there is the shaping of action by an idea which is experience, there can be no release; and so long as that process continues, all action is limited. When the truth of this is seen, the quality of love, which is not mentation, which you cannot think about, comes into being.
當有愛 —— 那不是心智，不是构思，不是記憶， 不是体驗、練習的訓練的結果 —— 那麼愛就是行動。 这是唯一自由的东西。 只要有心智，只要有源于体验的想法对行动的塑造， 就没有释放；只要这一进程在继续，所有行动都是受限的。 当看到这其中的真理，这种爱的品质， 也就是你无法思考，不属于心智的这种品质，它就出现了。
One has to be aware of this total process, of how ideas come into being, how action springs from ideas, and how ideas control action and therefore limit action, depending on sensation. It doesn't matter whose ideas they are, whether from the left or from the extreme right. So long as we cling to ideas, we are in a state in which there can be no experiencing at all. Then we are merely living in the field of time in the past, which gives further sensation, or in the future, which is another form of sensation. It is only when the mind is free from idea that there can be experiencing.
一个人必须意识到这整个过程， 想法如何产生，行动如何从想法中产生， 以及想法如何控制行动，从而根据感觉去限制行动。 它们是谁的想法并不重要，无论是来自左翼还是来自极右翼。 只要我们执着于想法，我们就处于一种完全没有体验的状态。 那么我们只是活在过去的时间的田野上，这给人以更深厚的感觉， 或者活在未来中，这是另一种形式的感觉。 只有当这颗头脑从观念中解脱出来时，才能有体验。
Ideas are not truth; and truth is something that must be experienced directly, from moment to moment. It is not an experience which you want - which is then merely sensation. Only when one can go beyond the bundle of ideas - which is the `me', which is the mind, which has a partial or complete continuity - only when one can go beyond that, when thought is completely silent, is there a state of experiencing. Then one shall know what truth is.
想法不是真理； 真理是必须每时每刻直接体验的东西。 它不是你想要的體驗 —— 那只是感覺。 只有当一个人能超越想法的束缚 —— 这位“我”，也就是这颗头脑，具有部分或完全连续性的思想 —— 只有當一個人能夠超越它，當思想完全寧靜時，才會有一種體驗的狀態。 然后一个人就会知道什么是真理。