对生活的评注 2-40

THE BIRDS AND the goats were all somewhere else, and it was strangely quiet and far away under the wide-spreading tree which stood alone in an expanse of fields, well-cultivated and richly green. The hills were at some distance, harsh and uninviting in the midday sun, but under the tree it was dark, cool and pleasant. This tree, huge and impressive, had gathered great strength and symmetry in its solitude. It was a vital thing, alone, and yet it seemed to dominate all its surroundings, even the distant hills. The villagers worshipped it; against its vast trunk there was a carved stone on which someone had placed bright yellow flowers. In the evening no one came to the tree; its solitude was too overpowering, and it was better to worship it during the day when there were rich shadows, chattering birds, and the sound of human voices.

鸟儿和山羊都在别的地方，奇怪地安静，在这棵宽阔的树下，独自地站立，远离了那片栽培得很好的，绿意盎然的田野。山丘有一段的距离，在正午的阳光下，严酷而令人厌倦，但在树下，它是阴暗的，凉爽的，让人愉快的。这棵树，巨大而令人印象深刻，在寂寥中，聚集了巨大的力量和对称性。这是一棵生命之树，自在，却似乎主宰了它周围的一切，甚至是遥远的山丘。村民们崇拜它；在它巨大的树干上，有一块雕刻的石头，有人在上面放了鲜艳的黄色花朵。晚上，没有人来到树边。它的寂寥太厚重了，最好在白天的时候来崇拜它，那时，有丰富的阴影，喋喋不休的鸟儿和人声。

But at this hour all the villagers were around their huts, and under the tree it was very peaceful. The sun never penetrated to the base of the tree, and the flowers would last till the next day, when new offerings would be made. A narrow path led to the tree, and then continued on through the green fields. The goats were carefully herded along this path until they were near the hills, and then they ran wild, eating everything within reach. The full glory of the tree was towards evening. As the sun set behind the hills, the fields became more intensely green, and only the top of the tree caught the last rays, golden and transparent. With the coming of darkness the tree appeared to withdraw from all its surroundings and close upon itself for the night; its mystery seemed to grow, entering into the mystery of all things.

但此时此刻，所有的村民们都在他们的小屋周围，树下非常宁静。太阳从未穿透到树的底部，花朵将持续到第二天，届时将制作出新的祭品。一条狭窄的小路通向那棵树，然后继续穿过绿色的田野。山羊沿着这条路，被小心翼翼地赶往山丘附近，然后它们疯狂地奔跑，吃掉所有可及范围内的东西。这棵树的全部荣耀，都在傍晚。当太阳落在山丘后面时，田野变得更加浓郁的绿色，只有树顶捕捉到了最后一缕阳光，金色、透明。随着黑暗的降临，这棵树似乎从周围的一切中隐退，在夜色中深藏着自己。它的奥秘似乎在增长，进入了万物的奥秘。

A psychologist and an analyst, he had been in practice for a number of years and had many cures to his credit. He worked in a hospital as well as in his private office. His many prosperous patients had made him prosperous too, with expensive cars, a country house, and all the rest of it. He took his work seriously, it was not just a money making affair, and he used different methods of analysis depending upon the patient. He had studied mesmerism, and tentatively practiced hypnosis on some of his patients.

作为一名心理学家和分析师，他已经在实践中工作了很多年，并且有很多治疗方法。他在医院和私人办公室工作。他的许多富裕的病人也使他变得富贵，拥有昂贵的汽车、乡间别墅以及所有其他财物。他认真对待自己的工作，这不仅仅是赚钱的事情，他根据病人使用不同的分析方法。他研究过催眠术，并试探性地对他的一些病人进行催眠。

"It is a very curious thing," he said, "how, during the hypnotic state, people will freely and easily speak of their hidden compulsions and responses, and every time a patient is put under hypnosis I feel the strangeness of it. I have myself been scrupulously honest, but I am fully aware of the grave dangers of hypnotism, especially in the hands of unscrupulous people, medical or otherwise. Hypnosis may or may not be a short cut, and I don't feel it is justified except in certain stubborn cases. It takes a long period to cure a patient, generally several months, and it is a pretty tiring business."

“这是一件非常奇怪的事情，”他说， “在催眠状态下，人们会自由而轻松地谈论他们隐藏的强迫和反应，每次病人被置于催眠状态时，我都会感到它的陌生。我自己也一直一丝不苟地诚实，但我完全意识到催眠的严重危险性，特别是在不择手段的人手中，不管是医疗还是其他方面。催眠可能是也可能不是捷径，除了某些顽固的情况外，我不认为这是合理的。治愈一个病人需要很长时间，通常需要几个月，这是一项非常累人的生意。”

"Some time ago," he went on, "a patient whom I had been treating for a number of months came to see me. By no means a stupid woman, she was well read and had wide interests; and with considerable excitement and a smile which I had not seen for a long time, she told me that she had been persuaded by a friend to attend some of your talks. It appeared that during the talks she felt herself being released from her depressions, which were rather serious. She said that the first talk had quite bewildered her. The thoughts and the words were new to her and seemed contradictory, and she did not want to attend the second talk; but her friend explained that this often happened, and that she should listen to several talks before making up her mind. She finally went to all of them, and as I say, she felt a sense of release. What you said seemed to touch certain points in her consciousness, and without making any effort to be free from her frustrations and depressions, she found that they were gone; they had simply ceased to exist. This was some months ago. I saw her again the other day, and those depressions have certainly cleared up; she is normal and happy, especially in her relationship with her family, and things seem to be all right.

“前段时间，” 他接着说， “一个我治疗了几个月的病人来看我。她绝不是一个愚蠢的女人，她书读得很好，兴趣广泛。带着我很久没见过的朝气和微笑，她告诉我，她被一个朋友说服，参加了你们的一些讲话。在谈话中，她似乎觉得自己从抑郁 —— 从相当严重的抑郁中，得到了解脱。她说，第一次讲话让她很困惑。这些想法和话语对她来说是新的，似乎相互矛盾，她不想参加第二次讲话。但她的朋友解释说，这种情况经常发生，她应该先听几次讲话，然后再下定决心。她终于去参加了他们所有的讲话，正如我所说，她有了一种释放感。你说的话似乎触及了她意识中的某些点，没有做出任何努力来摆脱她的挫折和抑郁，她发现它们已经消失了。它们简单地消退了。这是几个月前的事了。前几天我又见到了她，那些抑郁肯定已经消失了。她很正常，很快乐，特别是在她和家人的关系上，事情似乎都很好。

"This is all just preliminary," he continued. "You see, thanks to this patient, I have read some of your teachings, and what I really want to talk over with you is this: is there a way or a method by which we can quickly get at the root of all this human misery? Our present techniques take time and require a considerable amount of patient investigation."

“这一切都只是初步的，” 他继续说道。 “你看，多亏了这个病人，我读了你的一些教诲，我真正想和你谈论的是：有没有办法或方法，我们可以迅速找到所有这些人类痛苦的根源？我们目前的技术需要时间，需要对患者进行大量的调查。”

Sir, if one may ask, what is it that you are trying to do with your patients? "Stated simply, without psychoanalytical jargon, we try to help them to overcome their difficulties, depressions, and so on, in order that they may fit into society."

先生，如果有人可以问，你想对你的病人做些什么？ “简单地说，不用精神分析术语，我们试图帮助他们克服困难，抑郁等等，以便他们能够融入社会。”

Do you think it is very important to help people to fit into this corrupt society? "It may be corrupt, but the reformation of society is not our business. Our business is to help the patient to adjust himself to his surroundings and be a more happy and useful citizen. We are dealing with abnormal cases and are not trying to create super-normal people. I don't think that is our function."

你认为帮助人们融入这个腐败的社会非常重要吗？ “它可能是腐败的，但社会的改革不关我们的事。我们的业务是帮助患者适应周围的环境，成为一个更快乐和有用的公民。我们正在处理异常情况，而不是试图创造超级正常的人民。我不认为那是我们的职能。”

Do you think you can separate yourself from your function? If I may ask, is it not also your function to bring about a totally new order, a world in which there will be no wars, no antagonism, no urge to compete, and so on? Do not all these urges and compulsions bring about a social environment which develops abnormal people? If one is only concerned with helping the individual to conform to the existing social pattern, here or elsewhere, is one not maintaining the very causes that make for frustration misery and destruction?

你认为你可以把自己从你的职能中分离出来吗？如果我可以问，带来一个全新的秩序，一个没有战争、没有敌对、没有竞争的冲动等等的世界，难道不是你的职责吗？难道所有的这些冲动和强迫不会产生出一个培养不正常人的社会环境吗？如果一个人只关心帮助个人在这里或其他地方顺应现有的社会模式，那么他难道不是在维护那些导致悲惨的痛苦与破坏的根源吗？

"There is certainly something in what you say but as analysts I don't think we are prepared to go so deeply into the whole causation of human misery."

“你说的肯定有一些意义，但作为分析师，我认为我们还没有准备好如此深入地研究人类苦难的整个因果关系。”

Then it seems, sir, that you are concerned, not with the total development of man, but only with one particular part of his total consciousness. Healing a certain part may be necessary, but without understanding the total process of man, we may cause other forms of disease. Surely, this is not a matter for argumentation or speculation; it is an obvious fact that must be taken into consideration, not merely by specialists, but by each one of us.

那么，先生，你似乎关心的不是人的全面发展，而只是他整个意识的某个特定部分。治愈某一部分可能是必要的，但是，如果不理解人类的整个过程，我们可能会引起其他形式的疾病。当然，这不是一个争论或猜测的问题；它是一个显而易见的事实，必须加以考虑，不仅是专家，而是我们每一个人都需要考虑。

"You are leading into very deep issues to which I am not accustomed, and I find myself beyond my depth. I have thought only vaguely about these things, and about what we are actually trying to accomplish with our patients apart from the usual procedure. You see, most of us have neither the inclination nor the necessary time to study all this; but I suppose we really ought to if we want to free ourselves and help our patients to be free from the confusion and misery of the present western civilization."

“你正在引向我非常深刻的问题，我并不习惯，我发现自己超出了我的深度。我只是模糊地思考过这些事情，以及除了通常的程序之外，我们实际上试图与患者一起完成的事情。你看，我们大多数人既没有意愿，也没有必要的时间来研究这一切；但我认为，如果我们想解放自己，帮助我们的病人摆脱当前西方文明的困惑和痛苦，我们真的应该这样做。”

The confusion and misery are not only in the West, for human beings the world over are in the same plight. The problem of the individual is also the world's problem, they are not two separate and distinct processes. We are concerned, surely, with the human problem, whether the human being is in the Orient or in the Occident, which is an arbitrary geographical division. The whole consciousness of man is concerned with God, with death, with right and happy livelihood with children and their education, with war and peace. Without understanding all this, there can be no healing of man.

困惑和痛苦不仅在西方，因为全世界的人都处于同样的困境。个人的问题也是世界的问题，它们不是两个独立而不同的过程。当然，我们关心的是人类问题，无论人类是在东方还是在西方，这是一种武断性的地理划分。人的全部意识都与上帝有关，与死亡有关，与权力和快乐，与儿童及其教育有关，与战争，与和平有关，不理解这一切，就不可能有人类的治愈。

"You are right, sir, but I think very few of us are capable of such wide and deep investigation. Most of us are educated wrongly. We become specialists, technicians, which has its uses, but unfortunately that is the end of us. Whether his specialty is the heart or the complex, each specialist builds his own little heaven, as the priest does, and though he may occasionally read something on the side, there he remains till he dies. You are right, but there it is.

“你是对的，先生，但我认为我们中很少有人能够进行如此广泛而深入的调查。我们大多数人都受过错误的教育。我们成为专家，技术人员，这有其用途，但不幸的是，这就是我们的结局。无论他的专长是心脏还是综合症，每个专家都会像牧师一样建立自己的小天堂，尽管他偶尔会读到一些东西，但他一直呆在那里，直到他死去。你是对的，但它就是这样。

"Now, sir, I would like to return to my question: is there a method or technique by which we can go directly to the root of our miseries, especially those of the patient and thereby eradicate them quickly?"

“现在，先生，我想回到我的问题：有没有一种方法或技巧，通过它我们可以直接找到我们痛苦的根源，特别是病人的痛苦，从而迅速根除它们？”

Again, if one may ask, why are you always thinking in terms of methods and techniques? Can a method or technique set man free, or will it merely shape him to a desired end? And the desired end, being the opposite of man's anxieties, fears, frustrations, pressures, is itself the outcome of these. The reaction of the opposite is not true action, either in the economic or the psychological world. Apart from technique or method, there may be a factor which will really help man. "What is that?"

再一次，如果有人可能会问，为什么你总是从方法和技术的角度思考？某种方法或技巧能使人获得自由吗，或者它只会将他塑造成一个理想的样子？而那期望的样子，与人的焦虑、恐惧、挫折、压抑正好相反，它本身就是这些的产物。相反的反应，不是真正的行动，无论是在经济领域，还是在心理领域。除了技术或方法之外，可能还有一个因素可以真正地帮助人类。 “那是什么？”